How it works

IPO (Initial Public Offering, or initial public offering) is the moment when a private company sells shares to the public for the first time and becomes listed on a stock exchange, such as NASDAQ or NYSE.

The process involves several steps: the company hires investment banks, prepares a prospectus with financial information, sets an initial price per share and holds a roadshow for institutional investors. On listing day, the shares start trading on the open market.

For AI companies, an IPO usually happens after several rounds of private investment (Series A, B, C...) and when the company already has recurring revenue and predictable growth. It is a sign of maturity: the company stops relying only on venture capital.

Practical example

Companies like Reddit, Arm and, in the AI sector, CoreWeave, went public to fund data center expansion and GPU purchases. An IPO allows raising billions of dollars at once, something difficult to achieve with private investors alone.

For an AI founder, understanding the IPO matters because it defines the most common exit for investors and because listed companies have transparency obligations (quarterly reports, governance) that affect how they operate.

What it's for

An IPO is used to raise capital at scale, provide liquidity to founders and early investors, and create a currency (shares) for acquisitions. It also increases the company's visibility and credibility in the market.

Difference between IPO and private funding round

In a private round (Series A, B, C), the company sells shares to a closed group of investors, with no public disclosure obligations. In an IPO, shares are sold to the general public and the company becomes regulated as a public company, with periodic reports and audits.